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- The Grapes of Wrath
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- (April 17, 1939)
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- On California's highways during the last few years a tourist
- sometimes encounters a mysterious and appalling sight --
- thousands of jalopies, driven by hungry-faced men, bulging with
- ragged children, dirty bedding, blackened pots & pans. Hatred
- terrorized, necessary, they are migrant workers who harvest the
- orchards and vineyards, the cotton and vegetable fields of the
- richest valleys on earth. Their homes are filthy squatters'
- camps on the side roads beside the rivers and irrigation
- ditches. Their occupational diseases are rickets, pellagra,
- dysentery, typhoid, pneumonia, starvation, sullen hatred
- exploding periodically in bloody strikes. Old American stock,
- they are mostly refugee sharecroppers from the Dust Bowl of the
- Southwest and Midwest. They are called the "Oakies." There are
- 250,000 of them -- a leading U.S. social problem, and
- participants in one of the grimmest migrations of history.
-
- The Grapes of Wrath is the Oakies' saga. It is John Ernst
- Steinbeck's longest novel (619 pages) and more ambitious than
- all his other combined (Tortilla Flat, In Dubious Battle, Of
- Mice and Men, et al.) It is Steinbeck's best novel, i.e., his
- toughest and tenderest, his roughest written and most
- mellifluous, his most realistic and, in its ending, his most
- melodramatic, his angriest and most idyllic. It is "great" in
- the way that Uncle Tom's Cabin was great -- because it is
- inspired propaganda, half tract, half human interest story,
- emotionalizing a great theme.
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